In the U.S., extended-release oxycodone is approved for use in children as young as eleven years old. In 2014, the European Association for Palliative Care recommended oxycodone by mouth as a second-line alternative to morphine by mouth for cancer pain. The author concluded that the controlled-release form is a valid alternative to morphine and a first-line treatment for cancer pain. A 2006 review found that controlled-release oxycodone is comparable to immediate-release oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone in management of moderate to severe cancer pain, with fewer side effects than morphine. A July 1996 study independent of Purdue Pharma, the drug's originator, found the controlled-release formulation had a variable duration of action ranging from 10 to 12 hours. Oxycodone is available as a controlled-release tablet, intended to be taken every 12 hours. It is unclear if use in chronic pain results in improved quality of life or ongoing pain relief. ![]() It may improve quality of life in certain types of pain. Oxycodone is used for managing moderate to severe acute or chronic pain when other treatments are not sufficient. A number of abuse-deterrent formulations are available, such as in combination with naloxone or naltrexone. In 2020, it was the 54th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 12 million prescriptions. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Oxycodone was first made in Germany in 1916 from thebaine. When taken by mouth, it has roughly 1.5 times the effect of the equivalent amount of morphine. Oxycodone acts by activating the μ-opioid receptor. Opioid withdrawal may occur if rapidly stopped from withdrawal. Use of oxycodone in early pregnancy appears relatively safe. ![]() Those allergic to codeine may also be allergic to oxycodone. Side effects may include addiction and dependence, substance abuse, irritability, depression or mania, delirium, hallucinations, hypoventilation, gastroparesis, bradycardia, and hypotension. Ĭommon side effects include euphoria, constipation, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, drowsiness, dizziness, itching, dry mouth, and sweating. Combination products are also available with paracetamol (acetaminophen), ibuprofen, naloxone, naltrexone, and aspirin. In the United Kingdom, it is available by injection. Onset of pain relief typically begins within fifteen minutes and lasts for up to six hours with the immediate-release formulation. It is usually taken by mouth, and is available in immediate-release and controlled-release formulations. ![]() It is highly addictive and is a commonly abused drug. Oxycodone, sold under various brand names such as Roxicodone and Ox圜ontin (which is the extended release form), is a semi-synthetic opioid used medically for treatment of moderate to severe pain.
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